2021年英语高考宾语从句与定语从句在用法上有什么不同

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定语从句和宾语从句的不同

定语从句

在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。

被定语从句修饰的词叫“先行词”。

引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词。

下面我们结合例句来看一下由that, which, who和whom引导的定语从句：

1.关系代词that引导的定语从句。that在从句中作主语或宾语，可以指人，也可以指物。

如：A plane is a machinethatcan fly. (作主语，指物)

That’s is the best hotelthatI know. (作宾语，指物)

Who is the manthatis reading a book over there? (作主语，指人)

The girlthatwe saw yesterday is Jim’s sister. (作宾语，指人)

2.关系代词which引导的定语从句。which在从句中作主语或宾语，只可以指物。

如：They planted some treeswhichdidn’t need much water. (作主语，指物)

The fishwhichwe bought this morning were not fresh. (作宾语，指物)

3.关系代词who和whom引导的定语从句。who和whom只可以指人，分别在从句中作主语或宾语，口语中通常用who代替whom。

如：The boywhobroke the window is called Tom. (作主语，指人)

The person towhomyou talked just now is Mr Smith. (作宾语，指人)

宾语从句

用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。

引导宾语从句的词有：连词that, whether, if；连接代词who, whose, what, which；连接副词when, where, how, why等。

如：I doubtwhetherhe will succeed.

I wonderwhathe’s writing to me about.

I’ll tell youwhyI asked you to come.

注意：

1.宾语从句既可跟在及物动词后面，也可跟在介词后，还可跟在形容词后。

如：I don’t knowwho all the people are.

Please find outwhen the ship sails for New York.

He was afraidthat the other kids would laugh at him.

2.当宾语从句后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it做形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。

如：I finditstrangewhat she said at the meeting.

We have madeitclearthat we will learn to deal with various difficult problems.